Sigmund Freud and Carl Young Compare - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 525 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2018/11/16 Category Psychology Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Level High school Tags: Sigmund Freud Essay Did you like this example? There are two theorist which are conferred more often than others when the subject of psychoanalysis is discussed are Sigmund Freud and Carl Young. Freud is mostly considered the founding father of this concept; however, Jung, a follower of Freud, disagreed with some of his theories. This disagreement caused Jung to breakoff and create his own theories on the subject of collective unconscious. Both of these men have similar views on the psychoanalytic theory, but choose different ways to teach and explain those ideas. Freud argues that there are three parts to the psyche. They include: ego, superego, and id. As Freud studied the different parts of the mind, he concluded that slips of the tongue of words, which he later coined Freudian slips, occur when a person unwittingly says what their unconscious is thinking. Freud’s Oedipus complex states that the main drive of humans occurs through sex and sexual libido, Freud assumed, â€Å"that when we are infants we love o ur opposite-sex parent and hate our same-sex parent† (Jacobus 478). Jung argues that there are also three parts to the psyche. They include: the ego, or conscious mind, the personal unconscious, or where â€Å"personal experience form only part of the individual’s unconscious† (Jacobus 488), and the collective unconscious. This is where experiences are revealed in a person’s dreams. Freud and Jung, for years, worked together with a goal of pursuing Freud’s work on psychoanalysis until Jung started to oppose Freuds view he proposed on sexual conflicts and the tendencies of humans. Jung continued to look at what he considered the truth of the unconscious mind and his understanding of human nature which he calls analytical psychology. This is similar to Freud’s findings except just focusing on the sexual libido which leads a person to make decisions, but to focus on an individual’s psyche and the collective unconscious. Even with th ese similarities the two men’s differences distinguish them apart. Freud spends his time focused on the sexual tendencies that a person has and he finds that their sex drive is the sole motivational factor for the decisions they make. As well as, repressed thoughts and memories to the person’s unconscious mind. Freud describes the rational thought process as a way to stop a person’s id from controlling or acting on impulses. Then we are making decision are based upon what makes them happy. As Jung describes a person has an inner world in which the unconscious mind sees and not what society sees as a person’s persona. The ego, as discussed by Jung, is a person’s conscious identity of who they are and what is liked or not liked based on a person’s inner and environmental needs. Freud and Jung were two psychologists who share the similarities and differences in the study of psychology. They did agree upon the importance of dreams and that dreams do provide a guide into a person’s unconscious mind. They disagreed on what the causes of the unconscious. They both made contributions and their own individual theories in the psychoanalytic movement; however, they did agree on certain elements of psychology. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Sigmund Freud and Carl Young Compare" essay for you Create order

Essay on Effects on Consumerism - 742 Words

Consumerism is a description of society’s lifestyle in which many people embrace to achieve their goals by acquiring goods that they clearly do not need (Stearns, 7). The idea that the market is shaped by the choice of the consumers’ needs and wants can be defined as a consumer sovereignty (Goodwin, Nelson, Ackerman, Weisskopf, 2). This belief is based on the assumption that the consumer knows what it wants. Contrary to this logic, marketers convince us that the consumer does not know what they want. The consumer has to be told what they want or be persuaded by advertising items in a matter that demonstrates the reason a product makes their life easier or will improve their life instantly. As one of the most successful entrepreneurs,†¦show more content†¦Consumption, we describe as the act of meeting basic needs with material goods and the practice of consuming as a way of life is ‘consumerism’ ( Kennedy 173). The ideology that the meanin g of life is found in buying things has really caused majority to spend almost their monthly salary on goods and services in search of utility. This excessive recreational spending also plays a part in increase of inflation, also has made more money in circulation. The world is the influenced by what they see and want to be there, where the low class wants to be like the middle class and the middle class trying to look like the upper class. Today celebrities and people in upper class have influenced our sense of importance and needs, when it comes to the aspect of picking commodities. Thus, many have resulted to high and unnecessary expending in order to imitate a particular social icon. It can be ascertained that almost all average American adult being in debt might be as a result of overspending their need limit. This excessive and unnecessary spending as a result to boost our economic status has led to some drastic tragic events. A Chinese man, Tao Hsiao, 38, on the 9th of Decemb er 2013, jumped to his death in a shopping mall at China because the girlfriend would not stop shopping after several hours of shopping ( The Washington Times). â€Å"He told her she already had enough shoes, more shoes that sheShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Consumerism And Pollution808 Words   |  4 PagesConsumerism plays an intricate role in the daily lives of many people around the world. Those who affected by consumerism include those who are the buyers, the producers of goods, owners of the production company, and those affected by the pollution that can result because of production. Reducing consumerism would be beneficial for many, as well as for the environment. But what further steps can be taken to address the issue of consumerism and the pollution that comes along with it? One importantRead MoreNegative Effects Of Consumerism1180 Words   |  5 Pages Consumerism is one of the powerful influence in our society daily affects our life. The term â€Å"consumerism† no longer about the protection or promotion of the interests of consumers, but instead the idea that to be happier, better and more successful people we must have more stuff. Today we live in a time when there is little to no understanding of how the goods we consume and take for granted came into being. Without this we lack the knowledge to understand the true costs of our consumption, andRead MoreNegative Effects Of Consumerism On Society825 Words   |  4 PagesConsumerism plays an extreme role in today’s economy and society. It is one of the key aspects of the economy growing, however it negatively affects the people of society. Consumerism has taken over society, with peoples’ need to classify themselves in a certain social status with the purchases of expensive merchandise. It may help the economy thrive, however it is society’s downfall with its depressing need to buy unnecessary products. Through modern technology, consumerism can easily capture peopleRea d MoreNegative Effects of Consumerism Essay1753 Words   |  8 PagesNegative Effects of Consumerism on North American Society Consumerism is damaging to our society, in our North American society consumerism is often portrayed to be a negative aspect of people’s lives. However, one can also argue positive effects that result from consumerism, or emphasize on the negative effects of consumerism and how it can be a constraining force in one’s own life. Consumerism is an idea of an economic policy that the market is shaped by the choice of the consumer and continuesRead MoreEssay The Effects of Consumerism on Adults and Children1085 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Consumerism on Adults and Children Consumers are creatively successful when designing a persuasive advertisement for increased profitability. In a normal household, it’s the parents who have the financial obligations; therefore, it would be wise to grab their attention. On the other hand, it takes less than a strategic mind targeting children because the simplest things fascinate them. Businesses have been perfecting commercials to be effective on the viewers, for years. AlthoughRead MoreConsumerism And Its Effect On The 21st Century Essay921 Words   |  4 PagesConsumerism in Healthcare Healthcare consumerism is increasing in importance in the 21st century. In today’s world, consumers have multitudes of information available that at one time was strictly available to the medical profession. Patients obtain information through the internet, commercials, and ad campaigns. The days when consumers followed referral recommendations are drifting away. Consumers are now at the center of the health care system causing customer service to be a key component to anyRead MoreThe Effects Of Consumerism On Children s Lives1522 Words   |  7 PagesToday children are exposed to a different world than the one their parents grew up in. Consumerism plays a significant influence in children’s lives, including technology. This has led to over usage of technology as a reason for increased health issues in children, and basic building blocks of healthy development being ignored. Children are no longer interested in creative play, which is vital to problem-solving, learn ing, imagining and thinking. Instead, children can often be found sitting inRead MoreEssay about The Effects of Consumerism on Adults and Children1937 Words   |  8 PagesThe Effects of Consumerism on Adults and Children Businesses are creatively successful when designing a persuasive advertisement for increased profitability. The most popular ways of broadcasting a product are through radio, internet, billboards, newspapers, and television being the most effective. Many adults watch TV and they are usually the ones with the paycheck, so commercials are aimed toward them. On the other hand, it takes less than a strategic mind targeting children because they are fascinatedRead MoreConsumerism Has Changed Our Society1342 Words   |  6 PagesConsumerism over centuries has shaped our society into the world we live in today. Throughout our history, the American dream has been to become the most successful person you can possibly become given the opportunities presented to you. Consumerism has provided our country with a lot of jobs and efficient sources of income for the general population. Consumerism gives our country an upside unlike many other countries in that you could grow up in a hardworking blu e collar family and become the mostRead MoreDisadvantages Of Consumerism1154 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"The study of consumerism in world history does not provide a definitive balance sheet on whether the long-term results are favorable or unfavorable. But it does provide perspective, allowing [a] greater understanding of what consumerism involves, and perspective...offers a greater capacity to choose...rather than being swept away by the latest enthusiasm† (Stearns, 159). Peter Stearns’ book â€Å"Consumerism In World History: The Global Transformation of Desire† offers an extensive perspective on the

Advanced Data Analysis Report

Questions: Case Study Baycoast is a (fictitious) local government area (called a 'city') within greater Melbourne, Australia. It consists of a number of different suburbs, all with their own history of development. The city grew indifferent stages, with new suburbs gradually emerging. It covers some wealthy suburbs and some not so wealthy. As the name would indicate, the city is located on the Bay.The city stretches for several kilometres along the Bay's lovely beaches, and for several kilometres inland. About 60,000 people live in the suburbs of Baycoast.The main objective is to conduct exploratory, descriptive and causal analysis is to gain a comprehensive understanding of house prices in the Baycoast region and an understanding of themost important factors that impact prices. Your analysis will be based on a random sample of 120 houses from the city. Note that for the purpose of the assignment the unit of analysis is a House. Itis defined as a stand-alone dwelling. That is, flats, apartments, etc are n ot included in the database. The assignment requires five separate tasks: Summary of House Prices Factors influencing house prices Development of a multiple regression model Time Series analysis Critique the Business Research Approach Answers: Description of House Price - This study data includes 24 variables. Out of these House no. is an identifying variable same as serial number. Price ($000) is the dependent variable of this study. And Rest 22 variables; Rooms, Lot Size(sq m), Age, Area (sq m), Material, To Train(km), To Bus(km), To Shops(km), Street, Storeys, Style, Bedrooms, Bathrooms, Kitchen, Heating, AirCon, Bay Views, Suburb, Weekly Rent $, Rental Return %, Condition and Rental Status, are independent variables. Out of these indpendent variables; Lot Size(sq m), Age, Area (sq m), To Train(km), To Bus(km), To Shops(km), Bay Views, Weekly Rent $ and Rental Return % are continuous variables while rest are categorical variables. The dependent variable price is a continuous variable. So, it described descriptively by calculating mean and standard deviation. To understand the distribution of the data skewness and kurtosis were also calculated. Mean for Price is 886.57 and median is 852, median is little smaller than mean implying the positive skewed or skewed to the right which is also supported by the positive value of skewness (0.426). Negative value of kurtosis (-0.1478) implies the slight flat peaks of the normal curve as can be observed in the histogram plotted below. Standard Deviation is 324.95. Variable price seem to follow almost normal distribution with slight right skewness and flat peak as observed in the histogram presented below. Only one outlier with a value of 1500 was found as an outlier in the boxplot. Factors affecting House Price To find the factors affecting House Price, first correlation was run for all the independent variables with variable price. Amongst these correlation coefficients, any four values of correlation coefficient greater than 0.4 were selected and these factors were studied. The cut-off value of 0.4 was chosen so as to have variables with at least moderately good correlation with the variable price. So, based on the correlation coefficient the variables selected are Rooms, Street, Bay Views and Weekly Rent ($). By common sense if we think then we will find that these variables really affect the price of a house. Correlation coefficients are reported below - Correlation coefficient Rooms 0.505469 Lot Size(sq m) 0.41083 Age -0.36346 Area (sq m) 0.567769 Material 0.164491 To Train(km) 0.003012 To Bus(km) -0.02383 To Shops(km) -0.08373 Street 0.72257 Storeys 0.565098 Style 0.364688 Bedrooms 0.539745 Bathrooms 0.331223 Kitchen -0.05608 Heating 0.243694 AirCon 0.122417 Bay Views 0.676194 Suburb 0.373759 Weekly Rent $ 0.665591 Rental Return % -0.40384 Condition 0.354435 Rental Status 0.068507 The correlation coefficients for the factors selected are Correlation coefficient Rooms 0.505469 Street 0.72257 Bay Views 0.676194 Weekly Rent $ 0.665591 Scatter plot between Weekly Rent and Price was plotted to visually inspect the relation between these two variables. Scatter plot was plotted between these two variables only because these are continuous variables. Slight linear relationship is observed between Weekly Rent and Selling Price. To compare the two continuous variables descriptively, descriptive statistics described below Price($'000) Weekly Rent $ Mean 886.575 Mean 604.3333333 Standard Error 29.66343575 Standard Error 20.67073241 Median 852 Median 595 Mode 811 Mode 835 Standard Deviation 324.9466579 Standard Deviation 226.4365284 Sample Variance 105590.3305 Sample Variance 51273.5014 Kurtosis -0.14778497 Kurtosis 0.225284528 Skewness 0.426005063 Skewness 0.523856086 Range 1569 Range 1170 Minimum 192 Minimum 200 Maximum 1761 Maximum 1370 Sum 106389 Sum 72520 Count 120 Count 120 Confidence Level(95.0%) 58.73656476 Confidence Level(95.0%) 40.9301142 The standard error and skewness of the two variables is quite comparable. Weekly rent has positive kurtosis as compared to negative kurtosis for Price implying steeper peaks than Price. The other three variables are categorical variables so mean Price against each category was calculated to view the effect of price of each category. Average of Price($'000) Rooms Total 5 744.86 6 721.00 7 808.00 8 1137.32 9 1182.69 Grand Total 886.58 Average of Price($'000) Street Total 3 520.92 4 684.29 5 866.93 6 884.40 7 882.60 8 1103.10 9 1359.88 10 1499.00 Grand Total 886.58 Average of Price($'000) Bay Views Total 0 753.12 0.1 817.50 0.2 867.25 0.3 991.17 0.4 1041.29 0.5 1079.40 0.6 1110.00 0.7 1176.80 0.8 1362.50 0.9 1455.00 1 1510.00 Grand Total 886.58 From the above tables we can observe that as the category increases, i.e number of rooms increases or number of street increases or the proportion of Bay views increases then Price of the House also increases with only one exception of price for 7 Street is less than price for Street 6. Multiple Regression As the data contains 22 independent variables and Excel has limitation on the number of dependent variables to be used, two multiple regression with 11 variables each were run sing Data analysis toolpak of excel. Amongst these two multiple regression whichever variables showed significant p-value (p 0.05) for t-test for slope were included in the model. The model included 9 variables out of which variable Bedroom showed not significant p-value and was excluded. This leads to final multiple regression model with 8 independent variables influencing Price of a house. These variables are Lot size, Age, Area, Street, Storeys, Bay Views, Weekly Rent and Rental rent. The final model is Price ($ 000) = 116.0136 + 0.0642 * Lot size - 2.0876 *Age + 1.0457 * Area + 39.3334 * Street + 92.9236 * Storeys + 314.9985483 * Bay Views + 0.4481 * Weekly Rent - 66.6201 Rental rent The variables Age and Rental rent are negatively linearly related to Price meaning if age of the house increases or the rental rate increases than Price decrease or vice versa. All other variables; Lot size, Area, Street, Storeys, Bay Views and Weekly Rent are positively linearly related meaning increase in any of these variables are associated with increase in house price. The constant value of 116.0136 implies that if all the variables are zero still the price of house is 116.0136 ($ 000) which indirectly means its land price coz without anything there could be no house practically. The coefficients of variables imply that if the variable is increased by unit then Price of the house will increase by units equal to coefficient value. Eg: If the lot size increases by one unit then Price will increase by 0.0642 units. The R squared value obtained for this model is 0.9804. R squared value represents goodness of fit of the model. So 98.04% value of goodness of fit implies very good fit of the model. This also explains that 98.04% of variance in the model is explained by the independent variables included in the model and only approx. 2% remains unexplained. Adjusted R square value is 97.90 which also imply very good fit of the model. The p value for Analysis of Variance obtained is very less which implies the model to be highly significant at 5% level of significance. If we compare the positive coefficients then Bay views has the highest coefficient followed by Storeys followed by Street followed by Area followed by Weekly Rent followed by Lot size. Lot size influences the price of a house by least strength and Bay views by highest strength. Time series analysis Time series data from 4th quarter of 2009 to 3rd quarter of 2013 was used to seasonalize the trend using the software Megastat an add-in of Excel. Deseasonalization was carried out using multiplicative model. Forecast equation derived through regression is y = 25.42t+504.5 where 504.5 is constant and 25.42 is a coefficient or slope of the line and t is the number of serial order. Using this equation Median House Price was forecasted from 4th quarter of 2013 to 3rd Quarter of 2014 using t from 17 to 20 as below t Median House price 17 936.64 18 962.06 19 987.48 20 1012.9 Using the observed median house price provided we calculated Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) by following formula MAPE = 100/n*(Actual Forecast)/Actual Where n = number of actual observations provided t Forecasted Actual ratio abs ratio 17 936.64 980.00 0.04 0.04 18 962.06 1062.00 0.09 0.09 19 987.48 1206.00 0.18 0.18 20 1012.90 954.00 -0.06 0.06 sum 0.38 MAPE 9.53 The value of MAPE obtained for this data is 9.53 which imply good fit of the model and there is very less difference between forecasted values and observed values. Discussion The data in this study includes 120 observations and 24 variables out of which one, Price, is a dependent variable. Rest 23 variables, except House no., are independent variable. House No. is identifying variable. Amongst all these variables few variables were more correlated with Price than other few. Few variables showed positive correlation and few negative. Most of the negative correlations observed were very weak. Out of positive correlation variables Street, Bay views and Weekly Rent show strong correlation. Out of the 22 variables, 8 variables; Lot size, Age, Area, Street, Storeys, Bay Views, Weekly Rent and Rental rent were observed to determine the price of the house significantly. Thus, these are the factors which contribute to the estimation of House price significantly. Out of these Age and Rental rent are inversely related to House Price. The model showed a good fit with R squared value of approx. 98% implying that approx. 98% of variance in House Price is explained by these independent variables and model. Only approx. 2% of variance in House price remained unexplained. The model obtained was significant with highly significant p value at 5% level of significance implying that these results should be considered and are not just obtained by chance. Bay views most strongly affect the House price and lot size with the least strength. Using time series data from 4th Quarter of 2009 to 3rd quarter of 2013 was deseasonalised using Multiplicative model. Forecast equation was obtained using regression. Then values of median house price were forecasted from 4th quarter of 2013 to 3rd quarter of 2014. These values were then compared with the observed values by calculating Mean Absolute Percentage Error determining the fit of the forecasted values. Mean Absolute Percentage Error of 9.53 indicates good fit. Thus, the results of multiple regression and time series analysis implies that this data provides a good fit. Thus, the model fit is able to forecast the values with high accuracy. This data has high potential.

Often Wars Essay Example Essay Example

Often Wars Essay Example Paper Often Wars Essay Introduction ‘Often Wars (especially distant ones) and the object of winning them will have to be sold to the public. This often involves the manipulation of truth to maintain popular support’ (Taylor, P ‘War and the media’). Critically examine the role of television in the reporting of either the Falklands or the first Gulf War or the current war on terrorism in the light of this quote.’There’s no news, like bad news’. Since the days of reporting, the media has always known that bad news will sell more papers than good news. In the television world, it will always have a bigger audience. Scholars have concluded that we tune into bad news for many reasons. Mostly, as a self-esteem clause, by seeing pain in others, we feel relieved we are not experiencing the same afflictions. This makes us feel better, and therefore improves our state of mind.Another theory is that we like to prepare for the future, by learning what troubles others have, and we learn how to avoid those factors for ourselves. Others just expect that we like to tune into the latest gossip. When it comes to War, we tune in, as we feel the need to stay connected to the world. However the government, and media political parties have learned that this need for news can be a far greater weapon than any gun or bomb.Currently America is at war with Afghanistan. The American President has unfortunately been fighting a war on two fronts however, one with their country, and one with his own American people. When America went to war, if was not in the public belief that it was a good idea. One view for this, was even though there way of living was poor by our standards, they selected there own leaders, and have the option to revolt against them if they should want to. They have the power themselves to change there own country, and by doing the job for them, makes us a primary target for there attack. Which is what has happened. Terrorist movements working from within Afghan istan have struck European and American targets as a form of revenge for the seizure of there country.Many believe that getting involved in a war which had very little to do with us, will only harm the American people.Their president therefore has continuing to campaign that he is doing the right thing. He has done numerous press conferences and interviews to present his opinion. But still the world believes he is boycotting his opinions on the world. That he is simply wanting to get his name known in the history books as the president who started a war, and that he is willing to kill innocent people in order to do it.As a counter-measure he told the world that they were harbouring chemical and biological weapons, that they would use them against us. This was his main crutch for his support. In every conversation, he would find away to re-enforce his theory, in hope that it would be supported by fact as soon as they get find them.But now, two years later, they have still not been fo und. And the president is once again fighting a war against his own people. And is slowly gaining the reputation as a warmonger.So he turns to the media yet again. Trying to use the medium to get his views across. As a very important political figure, he has more control over what he can do.The media in Britain I believe has tried to give an un-objective view, especially with Tony Blair’s decision to Support America. It has broadcast all the American conferences and it has not been shy in expressing everybody’s view. However, it is struggling to keep an objective view with the failed attempts at finding the super=-power weapons. As it clearly shows that America has made a huge error in its primary reason for attacking the country.Since this fact was made clear, the coverage of the situation has lowered. There are no longer daily updates on the situation, and if there is something new to report, it is usually buried amongst other news articles.In the past, the televisio n has been known to manipulate the news in order to make it more exciting. There was a report in a previous war, where the reporter claimed a rocket was fired from a navy boat, where it had not been. I believed he did this to make it sound like he was more involved with the situation, and made him more important. The television aired this, and it was speculated that the enemy believed this to be true, and targeted the boat for an attack. Therefore putting lives at risk.We later discovered that he was lying, but alas the damage had already been done. The manipulation of current events to make the news more interesting resulted in dire consequences.The Bush administration has had to contend with a new set of media forces arising from the â€Å"Information Revolution.† The war on terrorism is the world’s first war for the Internet and foreign news outlets. This presented itself as a problem for Bush, as he could not control the web articles as he could with television bro adcasts.Every person around the world was able to give their opinions if they such wanted, and through the Internet, there would be an audience to listen. While he could get out his own message on this medium as well, it was just one voice in a crowd of millions, which quickly got swallowed up.This free form of public press also opened itself to lies and criticisms, which damaged the political parties involved. It was also the place newspapers could tell the story; they were not allowed to do in print.The military also feared the Internet, thinking that it would give the enemy access to our plans, strategies and general war tactics. But this is not the first time that the military has feared these outlets. Back in World War two, Britain decided to close down all TV station broadcasts for the duration of the war, believing that the enemy could use the signal as a locater, and ‘home’ in on it, to target their bombs. So as a military defence, they stopped all but the emerg ency radio broadcasts.In this war, the military, or ‘the pentagon’, as they are known as, bought up all access to all commercial satellite photographs of the region, preventing any news outlets from obtaining them. They did attempt to look good for the media, by allowing reporters to accompany soldiers on the non-important, safer missions. But were strict over where they could go, and whom they could accompany.Trying to control what the journalist are allowed to report is difficult, especially in countries, which claim to offer ‘Freedom of speech’. David Leigh, in his book †The Frontiers Of Secrecy† announced a set of guidelines that were reached upon by news editors and the ministry of defence stating what they should disclose, and what information should be held back. The reasons for this were varied, but primarily they thought if certain information was released, it may endanger peoples lives.These rules are enforced as much as humanly possib le, and should a journalist decide to break them in a live broadcast, they may very well find it will be the last broadcast they ever make.During the end of the war, a three-day conference was held at the University of California (Berkeley) School of Journalism. In attendance was Hans Blix, the former chief U.N. weapons inspector, Joseph Wilson, former U.S. ambassador to Iraq and a host of senior journalists and editors from the U.S. and abroad.The intension of this conference was not clear, but due to the lack of finding chemical weapons in Iraq, it was believed to be an attempt to try and answer some of the big questions journalist had, in order to gain back some creditability for there recent actions. And perhaps gain back the public support for the upcoming election.†Frankly our job is to win the war. Part of that is information warfare. So we are going to attempt to dominate the information environment. Overall we were very happy with the outcome,† Lt. Co. Richard L ong, former Marine Corps’s public information director. He attended the conference with respect on his previous role. He was responsible for training 700 journalist basic military skills, so that they could be taken into Iraq safely, and know what to do should they be attacked.However, Todd Gitlin, professor of sociology and journalism at Columbia University responded to his comments by pointing out that â€Å"embeddedness† has a tendency toward propaganda because a reporter is effectively part of the military team. The reporter’s life therefore depends on the soldiers with whom he is embedded, and his desire to write negative stories is â€Å"quite diminished.† Therefore they were manipulating the media by showing them the traumas off being soldier, makes the reporter simpfectic towards them, and publishing stories that were more in favour of there actions.This entire conference didn’t achieve much, and most journalist left, having learnt very lit tle, which they did not know at all. But it does prove that the Bush administration was attempting to win back the media, and generate a positive outlook to there actions. They continued to attempt this with numerous TV spots, almost to the extreme, as Bush was seen on TV almost every day of the war. It was theorised that this was another new attempt at winning over the media.The plan being that if he appeared on TV so much, and the question continued to be asked ‘where are the weapons?’ people would eventually find it repetitive, and grow bored of the situation. They would start to tune out, and no longer care if he answers the question or not. Therefore, it would take the limelight of this major mistake they had made, and make it seem trivial. And in my opinion, it worked. Not a day went by where Bush or Blair was not on TV. And eventually the journalist started asking different questions on other subjects, as they needed something to report. These new questions then took the headlines, and the weapon situation got left behind. I don’t believe it will ever be forgotten, but it is not considered today as high-rate news as it was a few months ago.Bush and Blair no longer appear as regulars on the big soap opera, the 10 o’clock news. Their roles in the public eye have been diminished. The war and there action have even been turned in satire comedy on shows such as †2dtv†implicating that the war is no longer horrifying, but funny.But who won? The politicians or the media? In my opinion, I would say the politicians. They were one step ahead at all times. They controlled the satellite surveillance from day one, only allowing journalist to see what they wanted them to see. The reporters that went into the field, had to be accompanied by government-trained soldiers, who would control where they went, and what they were likely to see. After the war, Blair and Bush manipulated the media hounds so that being hounded by constant ca meras became an aid for them, rather than for the journalist. They took what was normally negative situation, and turned it into a positive spin.We only saw what they wanted us to see. They manipulated our viewing to remove the emphasis that we were invading a country that was ant attacking us. They have kept vital details of interest secret, such as the number of Civilians killed during the war, and the amount in tax money spent on funding it.This is not the first time that Broadcasting has been used for political opinion, and it will definitely not be the last.I would like to leave with this final quote from Sharif Hikmat Nashashibi, chairman of Arab Media Watch who reported on the yelowtimes.org website (Oct 22ND 2003), which I believe fits quite well.†If this is press freedom, who needs repression?† Often Wars Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

Allan Pinkerton Essay Example

Allan Pinkerton Essay Biography of Allan Pinkerton Allan Pinkerton is best known for the founding of the Pinkerton Detective Agency. He is viewed as an innovative pioneer and leader in the criminal investigation field and is credited for his valuable contributions to law enforcement and private security practices. (Hunt, 2009) Pinkerton was not always a detective; he started his life in America as a cooper. A turn of events caused him to begin a career in security. One day as he was looking for wood he saw a group of people he believed were doing something illegal. He went and got the Sheriff, who then arrested the group of men, who turned out to be counterfeiters. (Hunt, 2009) After this event, a group of businessmen approached Pinkerton and wanted him to investigate a man whom they believed was a counterfeiter. (Hunt, 2009) After the arrest and conviction of the individual he was investigating, Pinkerton was offered a part-time position as deputy sheriff. (Hunt, 2009) In 1849, Pinkerton became the first detective in the Chicago Police Department and then quit a year later. Hunt, 2009) Pinkerton then became a special mail agent investigating thefts of checks and money orders. In 1850, he created his own agency, the Pinkerton National Detective Agency. (Hunt, 2009) We will write a custom essay sample on Allan Pinkerton specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Allan Pinkerton specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Allan Pinkerton specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Pinkerton Agency was set up in downtown Chicago and originally employed five detectives. The agency eventually flourished and focused on a territory that included: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin. (Answers, 2010) In its early years, its chief area of expertise was the investigation of train robberies, but they also worked on cases involving forgery, counterfeiting, and murder. Answers, 2010) In 1858, Pinkerton formed the Pinkerton Protective Patrol, a group of night watchmen and contracted with various businesses to offer night protection. (Clifford, 2004) During the Civil War, Pinkerton and his agency assumed a number of roles in the union cause, one of which involved operatives to travel undercover in the South to investigate reports of espionage and conspiracy. (Answers, 2010) After the war, Pinkerton faced a new enemy, wiretapping. The Pinkerton Agency was helpful in dissolving bands of wire tappers and prompted Congress to enact laws protecting the wire services as a public utility. (Answers, 2010) Another group the agency investigated was the Molly Maguires. One of Pinkerton’s operatives infiltrated the group for three years and reported its activities and plans for violent raids and demonstrations. (Answers, 2010) In the late 1870s many of the group’s leaders were convicted in court of murder and arson. (Answers, 2010) Pinkerton is viewed as a leader in the criminal investigation field. Pinkerton’s Agency had a major impact on law enforcement and the private security industry. The agency set the standards that eventually evolved to comply with the changing times. The agency started off securing goods such as trains and eventually went into investigation of individuals or groups. As the years went by and major events took place, such as the World Wars and the attack on September 11, 2001, the need for law enforcement and security expanded. References Answers. com. (2010) Pinkerton Inc. Retrieved October 23, 2010 from http://www. answers. com/topic/pinkerton-s-inc Clifford. M. (2004) Identifying and Exploring Security Essentials. A History of Private Security. Prentice-Hall. Pearson Education, Inc. Hunt,  R.. (2009). Allan Pinkerton: America’s First Private Eye (1819-1884). Forensic Examiner,  18(4),  42-46. Retrieved October 23, 2010, from Criminal Justice Periodicals. (Document ID:  2045086991).

Analysis of Advertisements in Magazines

Analysis of Advertisements in Magazines Introduction Advertisement forms have changed over the years with each period suited to fit the target audience. Technological developments in print have improved the quality of magazine advertisements and increased target audience market coverage.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Advertisements in Magazines specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although technological improvements with online versions of magazines have improved, the print version has maintained a significant market share and demand. Magazines have narrowed their target audience with considerations such as gender, race, age, education levels among others which however do not prohibit those not targeted from accessing the magazines. The advertisements in the magazines, articles discussed, and cover pages fit the magazines’ target audience. Magazine publications have a rich history of fashion, beauty, celebrity, recipes among other topical issues in the generation of the target audience. Women have many issues surrounding them and hence women magazines have existed over the years. Since these magazines have existed over several decades, it is important to analyze them with comparisons between the times in terms of objectives, changes and differences, target audience, messages and images covered. Analysis of Magazine Advertisements The women magazines in the market all are different in their target audience though covering similar issues. The years of origin, background and purposes also differ and change over time to accommodate generational changes (Hough-Yates 112). This analysis shall focus on Shape magazine, Marie Claire magazine and New Idea magazine. Shape Magazine Just as the name suggests, Shape Magazine is a women magazine that focuses on their fitness to attain the shape presumed to be preferable for the period of discussion. It is written in English language and its origin dates back to 1981 by Weider publi cations. This analysis shall involve the years 1983 and 2010 for Shape Magazine. Shape Magazine in 1983 Advertising Looking for essay on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The 1980s decade was characterized by a pop culture and music which influenced the dancing style of the time. It is during this period that the concept of aerobics was introduced from the dance halls to the gym. Health fitness of the time was based on keeping fit. Gyms were beginning to increase though not as much. Celebrity fitness formed the basis of fitness magazine advertisements. Shape magazine in 1983 targeted women of all years into fitness though it did not have age-specific articles. The products advertised at the time were mainly swim suits, fitness and gym wears. The magazine did not emphasize on diet though dietary articles were present. The messages were based on maintenance of fit bodies, encouragement of aerobics, and use of celebrity fitness to influence women into fitness programs. The images mainly included women in swim suits to reveal the shapely bodies with the focus of celebrities of the time (Gough-Yates 208). Shape Magazine in 2010 The fitness culture increased in the 2010 period with issues of weight loss, style and beauty, health and increase dietary consciousness. Shape magazine still targets women in the 2010 year with its base on their fitness and has a sexual appeal, which is, encouraging fitness as a way of being sexy. The implicit messages in the magazine do provide direct and increased scope coverage of fitness issues. It allows the responses of the audience and then carries out research on such issues and publishes them. Fitness for shape magazines are based more on losing weight as a way of being fit and sexy such as obtaining a flat stomach, increased advice on healthy eating and dieting, increased coverage of women celebrities work outs, lifestyles and advice, different article s on losing of weight and how to attain a perfect shape faster, videos on work outs and other beauty and style issues.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Advertisements in Magazines specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The products advertised in Shape magazine are very many and fall into the category of the article discussed including fitness gadgets, dietary books, work out programs, beauty products, dieting products, slimming products, weight management mechanisms and evaluation products among others. The images are more on expert advice on weight related issues; they include celebrities and have a sexual appeal added to them. Shape magazine is similar to that of 1983 in the target audience, images especially cover images with swim suits although those of 1983 emphasize on the sexual appeal and include more celebrities. Shape magazine in 2010 further increases the scope of fitness coverage, increases articles on diet and health as well as emphasizes on weight loss. Marie Claire Magazine This is a fashion magazine that dates back to 1937, written in the English language and dominated more in the US, Australia and UK and in other languages for other nations though it was published earlier in France. The target audience of the magazine is specific to the country with that of US targeting women in the world. The magazine from its origin has been addressing issues in the world affecting women with information on beauty, fashion and health. The magazine has maintained the objective of providing its readers with information substantial enough on the changing and new looks and the fashionable styles of the time. This analysis shall compare 1930s and 2008. Marie Claire Magazine in 1938 The magazine was issued on a weekly basis in France and based its topics affecting the women with the target on the middle class women. The issues included the discrimination of women, how to be home keepers, and the social environment since women were expected to be conservative and feminine taking their place in the home (Gough- Yates, 157). Divorce was prohibited at the time and issues could not be openly discussed.Advertising Looking for essay on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More During this time, the images were of the fashionable hats and were captured to show only that with the concept of beauty being confined, conservative and more on the hair styles. The magazine included the trends of fashion based on women of high class such as the queen. The products advertised were not much and included the same hats, hair beauty and beauty products especially the lipsticks while the distributing systems were minimal. Marie Claire in 2008 The magazine is published on a monthly basis and the theme issues addressed target the ordinary woman. The magazine provides up to date information on fashion with changes in fashion trends. Unlike in the 1930s, the fashion trends represented change within short time with the introduction of fashion themes in the earlier years. The issues discussed in the magazine are more liberal and range from health, family matters, marriage, celebrity styles, fitness, health, beauty and other concerns such as legal matters, financial issues, relationships and careers among others (Gauntlett 314). The images are of high quality and represent the modern woman permeating to all ages capturing all fashion trends in sports wear, make up, clothes for different occasions including fashion during pregnancy, work, party among others, celebrity styles, hair styles and fashion expert advice services. Other than fashion, the magazine is inclined to women beauty, fitness and health. The magazines carries forth massive advertisements touching on the issues discussed such clothes, beauty products, hair products, services, health matters, fitness and fitness products, family related products, tours and travel advertisements, fashion stores among others. The stories represent issues faced by women with emphasis on confidence and justice and more inclination to providing celebrity styles (Gough-Yates 134). New Idea Magazine This is a weekly published magazine in Australia targeting the women. It dates back to 1902 with coverage of issues and news around and affecting celebrities, recipes and competitions. This analysis shall focus on 1982 and 2010. New Idea Magazine in 1982 In this period, the magazine focused on issues surrounding celebrities, fashion and beauty trend with emphasis on celebrities’ lifestyles, cooking recipes of the time, health issues, art work and competitions. The products were mainly representing the items used by celebrities of the times and of high costs and quality. The images used were mainly of people of high profile and fitted into the high quality of the times (Gauntlett 217). New Idea Magazine in 2010 The magazine is still published weekly in Australia with the target still being women. The magazine mainly covers celebrity stories, events and lifestyles, topical issues, cooking recipes of the modern times and still includes competitions and special offers. The magazine is closely related to that at the 1980s only the application to the times differs and the wider coverage where the audience are able to provide their comments on the blog through electronic media. Conclusion The target audience for the magazines discussed has not really changed over the time. The magazines however such as Mari Claire has increased its content scope in fashion with more liberalism, the Shape magazine has maintained its focus but increased coverage with more emphasis on diet and weight loss and focus on the body shape. The new idea magazine has not differed from its earlier publications both in content or coverage but just in use of electronic media. The relevance of the women magazines has proved to thus permeate and maintain relevance with applications to the trends in the times. Gauntlett, David. Media, gender and Identity: An introduction. London: Routledge Publications, 2008. Gough-Yates, Anna. Understanding Women’s Magazines. London: Routledge Publications, 2002.

An Australian MNC has subsidiaries in France, China, Canada, Turkey Essay

An Australian MNC has subsidiaries in France, China, Canada, Turkey and Vietnam, Indonesia and South Africa. With particular reference to legal, political, eco - Essay Example nent â€Å"down under† that expounds on European legacy with a democratically free market economy that just adopted economic reforms in 1980s contributing to its current robust economy. With a Western-style capitalist economy, output had risen beyond the internal needs so that raw materials and agricultural products lead the export sector of Australia. Low inflation, reforms and strong ties with countries like China coupled with conservative fiscal policies have maintained a very strong economy boasting of a $642.1. billion GDP purchasing power parity (CIA, 2006) and a 2.6 percent 2005 growth rate estimate. Australia’s GDP per capita is $32,000 as of 2005 (CIA, 2006). In order to necessitate different approaches to the establishment of an Australian multinational corporation’s (MNC) subsidiaries and their on-going operations in countries like France, China, Canada, Turkey, Vietnam, Indonesia and South Africa, various legal, political, economic and cultural issues must be addressed. Following are a country-per-country exploration on tackling business in consideration of the country’s environments, needs and other issues: Zitta Jewelries Corporation established in 1978 is one of the clienteles of Climax Mining Limited of Australia with vast connection and outlets all over the world, or among country capitals and major cities. Zitta either supplies raw materials such as gold, silver, copper, precious and semi-precious stones to jewelry manufacturers all over the world but they also distribute finished jewelry products, with their own exclusive jewelry shops in France, Canada, China, Turkey, South Africa, Vietnam and Indonesia. It employs about 350 persons all in all. Likewise, Zitta also outsource products from various countries especially where subsidiaries exist and leverage this products in all other outlets. Zitta both supplies raw materials to a subsidiary, or either source out raw materials from the subsidiary country when allowed. This way, each